We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Table 4 Relationship ranging from dowry/bride speed (reduced of the into the-laws off sisters, anybody else about village and you will area) and you will wife’s position about marital domestic (OLS)
In determining the fresh new ladies’ updates from the relationship house, the end result of your own online dowry (dowry without bride-to-be speed) may matter. Keep in mind that the degree of deferred mehr is included individually from the internet dowry since the former has never been paid back until splitting up happens and cannot qualify possessions introduced toward marriage. The results recommend that the fresh property lead for the ount) boost her choice-and work out fuel and you will independence. Such positive associations commonly surprising given that the contacts from bride to be rate paid during the time of relationship focus on avoid in order to that from dowry in the main estimations.
Maybe, a greater ages or training differences you are going to weaken the new wife’s standing on relationship domestic. As well as ages improvement and additionally degree difference (substitution the fresh new partner’s ages and you can education) doesn’t change the main effects, therefore the coefficients of these details commonly tall (Appendix Table 9, Panel B).
You to definitely you are going to argue that how many decades because the marriage is actually important because the effect away from dowry (or bride-to-be price) will be deeper soon after marriage. And additionally many years since ount regarding dowry (replacing woman’s years at relationship) magnifies the base aftereffect of dowry from inside the ladies independence but decreases their magnitude together with importance height in the ladies’ decision-making (Appendix Table 9, Committee C). This implies you to definitely a much bigger dowry escalates the wife’s autonomy in the new relationship domestic immediately after marriage; yet not, brand new relationship is not significantly impacted by new passage through of many years once the matrimony.
No way of measuring gender ideology is included in the main quote on account of endogeneity questions. That you’ll argue that inclusion of these methods may undermine the new association ranging from dowry and ladies’ position on marital domestic. While we do not refuse the possibility that tastes and you will ideological values about the gender relations are not inherent and change across the relationship lifestyle, new estimation processes is repeated because of the in addition to two steps having young buck preference: the initial variable means you reddit Zhuhai in China bride to if the wife’s top level of sons is actually greater than regarding daughters together with second means one if the spouse really wants to provide degree so you’re able to sons unlike to help you daughters. Managing to have gender ideology doesn’t dramatically impact the main quote results (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee D). Surprisingly, ladies’ decision-making try certainly of the young buck taste. But not, it is adversely with the preference to own delivering degree so you can sons than daughters. A possible translation would be the fact very knowledgeable female is generally against gender inequality into the education and be way more energized about relationship house however, choose having a whole lot more sons than just daughters. Which looks consistent with particular established education appearing one child liking is much more common among highly experienced feminine rather than ignorant female within the Southern China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you will Preston 1991).